Poll Watch: PPP (D) Washington 2012 Gubernatorial Survey

PPP (D) Washington 2012 Gubernatorial Survey

• Rob McKenna (R) 49%
• Christine Gregoire (D) 40%

• Christine Gregoire (D) 45%
• Dave Reichert (R) 41%

• Rob McKenna (R) 40%
• Jay Inslee (D) 38%

• Jay Inslee (D) 42%
• Dave Reichert (R) 36%

Do you approve or disapprove of Governor Christine Gregoire’s job performance?

• Approve 38%
• Disapprove 48%

Favorable / Unfavorable {Net}

• Jay Inslee 30% / 21% {+9%}
• Rob McKenna 34% / 26% {+8%}

Survey of 1,098 Washington voters was conducted May 12-15, 2011. The margin of error is +/- 3 percentage points. Party ID breakdown: 39% Democrat; 30% Republican; 31% Independent/Other. Political ideology: 30% Moderate; 22% Somewhat liberal; 21% Somewhat conservative; 16% Very conservative; 11% Very liberal.

Poll Watch: PPP (D) Washington Senatorial Survey

PPP (D) Washington Senatorial Survey

• Dino Rossi (R) 50% {47%} [46%]
• Patty Murray (D) 48% {49%} [49%]
• Undecided 2% {4%} [5%]

Already Voted (76%)

• Dino Rossi (R) 52%
• Patty Murray (D) 47%
• Undecided 1%

Did Not Vote Yet (24%)

• Patty Murray (D) 51%
• Dino Rossi (R) 45%
• Undecided 5%

Do you approve or disapprove of Senator Patty Murray’s job performance?

• Approve 44% {47%} [46%]
• Disapprove 51% {48%} [45%]

Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of Dino Rossi?

• Favorable 45% {44%} [43%]
• Unfavorable 46% {49%} [48%]

Do you approve or disapprove of Senator Maria Cantwell’s job performance?

• Approve 41% {44%}
• Disapprove 43% {41%}

Do you approve or disapprove of Governor Christine Gregoire’s job performance?

• Approve 36% {40%}
• Disapprove 55% {53%}

Do you approve or disapprove of President Barack Obama’s job performance?

• Approve 42% {46%} [49%]
• Disapprove 53% {48%} [47%]

Survey of 2,055 likely and actual voters was conducted October 29-31, 2010.  The margin of error is +/- 2.2 percentage points.  Party ID breakdown: 35% {37%}  [36%] Democrat; 32% {34%} [29%] Republican; 33% {29%} [35%] Independent/Other.  Political ideology: 41% {41%} [41%] Moderate; 36% {35%} [35%] Conservative; 23% {24%} [24%] Liberal.  Results from the poll conducted October 14-16, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted July 27 - August 1, 2010 are in square brackets.

Poll Watch: Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

• Dino Rossi (R) 48% [45%] (48%) {47%} [46%] (48%) {44%} [47%] (48%) {47%} [47%] (46%) {46%} [49%] (48%)
• Patty Murray (D) 47% [48%] (45%) {46%} [49%] (46%) {48%} [49%] (45%) {47%} [48%] (48%) {48%} [46%] (46%)

With Leaners

• Dino Rossi (R) 48% [46%] (49%) {48%} [46%] (50%) {46%}
• Patty Murray (D) 47% [49%] (46%) {47%} [51%] (47%) {50%}

Among Voters Certain of Their Vote

• Dino Rossi (R) 50% [46%] (50%) {48%} [49%] (50%) {48%}
• Patty Murray (D) 49% [52%] (50%) {52%} [51%] (50%) {52%}

Among Republicans

• Dino Rossi (R) 87% [82%] (92%) {91%} [85%] (90%) {92%}
• Patty Murray (D) 7% [15%] (6%) {7%} [12%] (10%) {7%}

Among Democrats

• Patty Murray (D) 88% [89%] (86%) {90%} [93%] (89%) {89%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 11% [9%] (10%) {5%} [6%] (8%) {6%}

Among Independents

• Dino Rossi (R) 59% [53%] (55%) {60%} [52%] (62%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 34% [38%] (37%) {32%} [42%] (32%) {46%}

Among Men

• Dino Rossi (R) 51% [49%] (51%) {57%} [49%] (57%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 45% [46%] (43%) {38%} [48%] (40%) {47%}

Among Women

• Patty Murray (D) 49% [52%] (49%) {54%} [53%] (52%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 46% [44%] (47%) {41%} [43%] (44%) {44%}

Favorable / Unfavorable {Net}

• Dino Rossi 51% [49%] (52%) {50%} [50%] (54%) {53%} [52%] (55%) {52%} [52%] (52%) {52%} [51%] (54%) / 46% [49%] (47%) {46%} [48%] (44%) {43%} [44%] (39%) {44%} [43%] (44%) {44%} [45%] (41%) {+5%}
• Patty Murray 48% [49%] (49%) {47%} [52%] (50%) {52%} [51%] (49%) {54%} [52%] (52%) {53%} [53%] (51%) / 50% [48%] (51%) {48%} [45%] (49%) {45%} [46%] (49%) {44%} [44%] (44%) {43%} [41%] (45%) {-2%}

How would you rate the job Christine Gregoire has been doing as Governor?

• Strongly approve 26% [25%] (25%) {21%} [23%] (22%) {24%} [21%] (19%) {22%} [25%] (21%) {22%} [19%] (18%) 
• Somewhat approve 19% [22%] (18%) {21%} [20%] (20%) {20%} [25%] (23%) {21%} [22%] (24%) {22%} [21%] (23%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 13% [13%] (13%) {15%} [18%] (17%) {11%} [14%] (16%) {15%} [16%] (18%) {18%} [18%] (19%) 
• Strongly disapprove 42% [39%] (42%) {40%} [36%] (37%) {41%} [40%] (39%) {40%} [35%] (35%) {36%} [42%] (38%)

How would you rate the job Barack Obama has been doing as President?

• Strongly approve 35% [33%] (31%) {33%} [33%] (31%) {33%} [31%] (28%) {29%} [35%] (37%) {36%} [31%] (30%) 
• Somewhat approve 16% [19%] (19%) {15%} [16%] (17%) {20%} [19%] (22%) {22%} [18%] (18%) {18%} [19%] (21%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 5% [6%] (9%) {6%} [10%] (9%) {7%} [9%] (7%) {9%} [6%] (8%) {6%} [9%] (8%) 
• Strongly disapprove 44% [41%] (40%) {45%} [40%] (41%) {40%} [40%] (42%) {39%} [40%] (37%) {37%} [40%] (40%)

Survey of 750 likely voters was conducted October 27, 2010.  The margin of error is +/- 4 percentage points. Party ID breakdown: 39% [36%] (37%) {38%} [36%] Democrat; 29% [30%] (29%) {30%} [33%] Republican; 32% [34%] (33%) {32%} [31%] Independent/Other.  Results from the poll conducted October 17, 2010 are in square brackets. Results from the poll conducted October 6, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted September 28, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted September 14, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted August 31, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted August 18, 2010 are in curly brackets. Results from the poll conducted July 28, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted July 14, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted June 22, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 26, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 4, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted April 6, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted March 9, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted February 11, 2010 are in parentheses.

Poll Watch: PPP (D) Washington Senatorial Survey

PPP (D) Washington Senatorial Survey

• Patty Murray (D) 49% [49%]
• Dino Rossi (R) 47% [46%]
• Undecided 4% [5%]

Do you approve or disapprove of Senator Patty Murray’s job performance?

• Approve 47% [46%]
• Disapprove 48% [45%]

Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of Dino Rossi?

• Favorable 44% [43%]
• Unfavorable 49% [48%]

Do you approve or disapprove of Senator Maria Cantwell’s job performance?

• Approve 44%
• Disapprove 41%

Do you approve or disapprove of Governor Christine Gregoire’s job performance?

• Approve 40%
• Disapprove 53%

Do you approve or disapprove of President Barack Obama’s job performance?

• Approve 46% [49%]
• Disapprove 48% [47%]

Would you rather Democrats or Republicans held the majority in the next US Senate?

• Republicans 47%
• Democrats 46%

If there was an election for Congress today, would you vote Democratic or Republican?

• Democratic 47%
• Republican 46%

Initiative Measure No. 1098 concerns establishing a state income tax and reducing other taxes. This measure would tax “adjusted gross income” above $200,000 (individuals) and $400,000 (joint-filers), reduce state property tax levies, reduce certain business and occupation taxes, and direct any increased revenues to education and health. Should this measure be enacted into law?

• Yes 38%
• No 50%

Survey of 1,873 likely and actual voters was conducted October 14-16, 2010.  The margin of error is +/- 2.3 percentage points.  Party ID breakdown: 37%  [36%] Democrat; 34% [29%] Republican; 29% [35%] Independent/Other.  Political ideology: 41% [41%] Moderate; 35% [35%] Conservative; 24% [24%] Liberal.  Results from the poll conducted July 27 - August 1, 2010 are in square brackets.

Poll Watch: Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

• Patty Murray (D) 48% (45%) {46%} [49%] (46%) {48%} [49%] (45%) {47%} [48%] (48%) {48%} [46%] (46%)
• Dino Rossi (R) 45% (48%) {47%} [46%] (48%) {44%} [47%] (48%) {47%} [47%] (46%) {46%} [49%] (48%)

With Leaners

• Patty Murray (D) 49% (46%) {47%} [51%] (47%) {50%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 46% (49%) {48%} [46%] (50%) {46%}

Among Voters Certain of Their Vote

• Patty Murray (D) 52% (50%) {52%} [51%] (50%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 46% (50%) {48%} [49%] (50%) {48%}

Among Republicans

• Dino Rossi (R) 82% (92%) {91%} [85%] (90%) {92%}
• Patty Murray (D) 15% (6%) {7%} [12%] (10%) {7%}

Among Democrats

• Patty Murray (D) 89% (86%) {90%} [93%] (89%) {89%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 9% (10%) {5%} [6%] (8%) {6%}

Among Independents

• Dino Rossi (R) 53% (55%) {60%} [52%] (62%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 38% (37%) {32%} [42%] (32%) {46%}

Among Men

• Dino Rossi (R) 49% (51%) {57%} [49%] (57%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 46% (43%) {38%} [48%] (40%) {47%}

Among Women

• Patty Murray (D) 52% (49%) {54%} [53%] (52%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 44% (47%) {41%} [43%] (44%) {44%}

Favorable / Unfavorable {Net}

• Patty Murray 49% (49%) {47%} [52%] (50%) {52%} [51%] (49%) {54%} [52%] (52%) {53%} [53%] (51%) / 48% (51%) {48%} [45%] (49%) {45%} [46%] (49%) {44%} [44%] (44%) {43%} [41%] (45%) {+1%}
• Dino Rossi 49% (52%) {50%} [50%] (54%) {53%} [52%] (55%) {52%} [52%] (52%) {52%} [51%] (54%) / 49% (47%) {46%} [48%] (44%) {43%} [44%] (39%) {44%} [43%] (44%) {44%} [45%] (41%) {0%} 

How would you rate the job Christine Gregoire has been doing as Governor?

• Strongly approve 25% (25%) {21%} [23%] (22%) {24%} [21%] (19%) {22%} [25%] (21%) {22%} [19%] (18%) 
• Somewhat approve 22% (18%) {21%} [20%] (20%) {20%} [25%] (23%) {21%} [22%] (24%) {22%} [21%] (23%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 13% (13%) {15%} [18%] (17%) {11%} [14%] (16%) {15%} [16%] (18%) {18%} [18%] (19%) 
• Strongly disapprove 39% (42%) {40%} [36%] (37%) {41%} [40%] (39%) {40%} [35%] (35%) {36%} [42%] (38%)

How would you rate the job Barack Obama has been doing as President?

• Strongly approve 33% (31%) {33%} [33%] (31%) {33%} [31%] (28%) {29%} [35%] (37%) {36%} [31%] (30%) 
• Somewhat approve 19% (19%) {15%} [16%] (17%) {20%} [19%] (22%) {22%} [18%] (18%) {18%} [19%] (21%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 6% (9%) {6%} [10%] (9%) {7%} [9%] (7%) {9%} [6%] (8%) {6%} [9%] (8%) 
• Strongly disapprove 41% (40%) {45%} [40%] (41%) {40%} [40%] (42%) {39%} [40%] (37%) {37%} [40%] (40%)

Survey of 750 likely voters was conducted October 17, 2010.  The margin of error is +/- 4 percentage points. Party ID breakdown: 36% (37%) {38%} [36%] Democrat; 30% (29%) {30%} [33%] Republican; 34% (33%) {32%} [31%] Independent/Other.  Results from the poll conducted October 6, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted September 28, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted September 14, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted August 31, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted August 18, 2010 are in curly brackets. Results from the poll conducted July 28, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted July 14, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted June 22, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 26, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 4, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted April 6, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted March 9, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted February 11, 2010 are in parentheses.

Poll Watch: Daily Kos/PPP (D) Washington 8th Congressional District Political Survey

Daily Kos/PPP (D) Washington 8th Congressional District Political Survey

The candidates for Congress are Democrat Suzan DelBene and Republican Dave Reichert. If the election was today, who would you vote for?

• Dave Reichert (R) 49%
• Suzan DelBene (D) 46%
• Undecided 5%

The candidates for Senate are Democrat Patty Murray and Republican Dino Rossi. If the election was today, who would you vote for?

• Dino Rossi (R) 49%
• Patty Murray (D) 49%
• Undecided 2%

Favorable / Unfavorable {Net}

• Suzan DelBene 40% / 29% {+11%}
• Dave Reichert 48% / 42% {+6%}
• Patty Murray 49% / 47% {+2%}
• Dino Rossi 45% / 50% {-5%}

Do you approve or disapprove of Senator Maria Cantwell's job performance?

• Approve 47%
• Disapprove 39%

Do you approve or disapprove of Governor Christine Gregoire's job performance?

• Approve 38%
• Disapprove 52%

Do you approve or disapprove of President Barack Obama's job performance?

• Approve 43%
• Disapprove 49%

Survey of 1,036 likely voters was conducted October 9-10, 2010. The margin of error is +/- 3 percentage points.  Party ID breakdown: 34% Democrat; 29% Republican; 37% Independent/Other. Political ideology: 53% Moderate; 29% Conservative; 18% Liberal.

Poll Watch: Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

• Patty Murray (D) 48% (45%) {46%} [49%] (46%) {48%} [49%] (45%) {47%} [48%] (48%) {48%} [46%] (46%)
• Dino Rossi (R) 45% (48%) {47%} [46%] (48%) {44%} [47%] (48%) {47%} [47%] (46%) {46%} [49%] (48%)

With Leaners

• Patty Murray (D) 49% (46%) {47%} [51%] (47%) {50%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 46% (49%) {48%} [46%] (50%) {46%}

Among Voters Certain of Their Vote

• Patty Murray (D) 52% (50%) {52%} [51%] (50%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 46% (50%) {48%} [49%] (50%) {48%}

Among Republicans

• Dino Rossi (R) 82% (92%) {91%} [85%] (90%) {92%}
• Patty Murray (D) 15% (6%) {7%} [12%] (10%) {7%}

Among Democrats

• Patty Murray (D) 89% (86%) {90%} [93%] (89%) {89%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 9% (10%) {5%} [6%] (8%) {6%}

Among Independents

• Dino Rossi (R) 53% (55%) {60%} [52%] (62%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 38% (37%) {32%} [42%] (32%) {46%}

Among Men

• Dino Rossi (R) 49% (51%) {57%} [49%] (57%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 46% (43%) {38%} [48%] (40%) {47%}

Among Women

• Patty Murray (D) 52% (49%) {54%} [53%] (52%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 44% (47%) {41%} [43%] (44%) {44%}

Favorable / Unfavorable {Net}

• Patty Murray 49% (49%) {47%} [52%] (50%) {52%} [51%] (49%) {54%} [52%] (52%) {53%} [53%] (51%) / 48% (51%) {48%} [45%] (49%) {45%} [46%] (49%) {44%} [44%] (44%) {43%} [41%] (45%) {+1%}
• Dino Rossi 49% (52%) {50%} [50%] (54%) {53%} [52%] (55%) {52%} [52%] (52%) {52%} [51%] (54%) / 49% (47%) {46%} [48%] (44%) {43%} [44%] (39%) {44%} [43%] (44%) {44%} [45%] (41%) {0%} 

How would you rate the job Christine Gregoire has been doing as Governor?

• Strongly approve 25% (25%) {21%} [23%] (22%) {24%} [21%] (19%) {22%} [25%] (21%) {22%} [19%] (18%) 
• Somewhat approve 22% (18%) {21%} [20%] (20%) {20%} [25%] (23%) {21%} [22%] (24%) {22%} [21%] (23%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 13% (13%) {15%} [18%] (17%) {11%} [14%] (16%) {15%} [16%] (18%) {18%} [18%] (19%) 
• Strongly disapprove 39% (42%) {40%} [36%] (37%) {41%} [40%] (39%) {40%} [35%] (35%) {36%} [42%] (38%)

How would you rate the job Barack Obama has been doing as President?

• Strongly approve 33% (31%) {33%} [33%] (31%) {33%} [31%] (28%) {29%} [35%] (37%) {36%} [31%] (30%) 
• Somewhat approve 19% (19%) {15%} [16%] (17%) {20%} [19%] (22%) {22%} [18%] (18%) {18%} [19%] (21%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 6% (9%) {6%} [10%] (9%) {7%} [9%] (7%) {9%} [6%] (8%) {6%} [9%] (8%) 
• Strongly disapprove 41% (40%) {45%} [40%] (41%) {40%} [40%] (42%) {39%} [40%] (37%) {37%} [40%] (40%)

Survey of 750 likely voters was conducted October 17, 2010.  The margin of error is +/- 4 percentage points. Party ID breakdown: 36% (37%) {38%} [36%] Democrat; 30% (29%) {30%} [33%] Republican; 34% (33%) {32%} [31%] Independent/Other.  Results from the poll conducted October 6, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted September 28, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted September 14, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted August 31, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted August 18, 2010 are in curly brackets. Results from the poll conducted July 28, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted July 14, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted June 22, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 26, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 4, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted April 6, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted March 9, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted February 11, 2010 are in parentheses.

Poll Watch: Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

Rasmussen Washington Senatorial Survey

• Dino Rossi (R) 47% [46%] (48%) {44%} [47%] (48%) {47%} [47%] (46%) {46%} [49%] (48%)
• Patty Murray (D) 46% [49%] (46%) {48%} [49%] (45%) {47%} [48%] (48%) {48%} [46%] (46%)

With Leaners

• Dino Rossi (R) 48% [46%] (50%) {46%}
• Patty Murray (D) 47% [51%] (47%) {50%}

Among Voters Certain of Their Vote

• Patty Murray (D) 52% [51%] (50%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 48% [49%] (50%) {48%}

Among Republicans

• Dino Rossi (R) 91% [85%] (90%) {92%}
• Patty Murray (D) 7% [12%] (10%) {7%}

Among Democrats

• Patty Murray (D) 90% [93%] (89%) {89%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 5% [6%] (8%) {6%}

Among Independents

• Dino Rossi (R) 60% [52%] (62%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 32% [42%] (32%) {46%}

Among Men

• Dino Rossi (R) 57% [49%] (57%) {47%}
• Patty Murray (D) 38% [48%] (40%) {47%}

Among Women

• Patty Murray (D) 54% [53%] (52%) {52%}
• Dino Rossi (R) 41% [43%] (44%) {44%}

Favorable / Unfavorable {Net}

• Dino Rossi 50% [50%] (54%) {53%} [52%] (55%) {52%} [52%] (52%) {52%} [51%] (54%) / 46% [48%] (44%) {43%} [44%] (39%) {44%} [43%] (44%) {44%} [45%] (41%) {+4%} 
• Patty Murray 47% [52%] (50%) {52%} [51%] (49%) {54%} [52%] (52%) {53%} [53%] (51%) / 48% [45%] (49%) {45%} [46%] (49%) {44%} [44%] (44%) {43%} [41%] (45%) {-1%} 

How would you rate the job Christine Gregoire has been doing as Governor?

• Strongly approve 21% [23%] (22%) {24%} [21%] (19%) {22%} [25%] (21%) {22%} [19%] (18%) 
• Somewhat approve 21% [20%] (20%) {20%} [25%] (23%) {21%} [22%] (24%) {22%} [21%] (23%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 15% [18%] (17%) {11%} [14%] (16%) {15%} [16%] (18%) {18%} [18%] (19%) 
• Strongly disapprove 40% [36%] (37%) {41%} [40%] (39%) {40%} [35%] (35%) {36%} [42%] (38%)

How would you rate the job Barack Obama has been doing as President?

• Strongly approve 33% [33%] (31%) {33%} [31%] (28%) {29%} [35%] (37%) {36%} [31%] (30%) 
• Somewhat approve 15% [16%] (17%) {20%} [19%] (22%) {22%} [18%] (18%) {18%} [19%] (21%) 
• Somewhat disapprove 6% [10%] (9%) {7%} [9%] (7%) {9%} [6%] (8%) {6%} [9%] (8%) 
• Strongly disapprove 45% [40%] (41%) {40%} [40%] (42%) {39%} [40%] (37%) {37%} [40%] (40%)

Survey of 750 likely voters was conducted September 28, 2010.  The margin of error is +/- 4 percentage points. Party ID breakdown: 38% [36%] Democrat; 30% [33%] Republican; 32% [31%] Independent/Other.  Results from the poll conducted September 14, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted August 31, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted August 18, 2010 are in curly brackets. Results from the poll conducted July 28, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted July 14, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted June 22, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 26, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted May 4, 2010 are in parentheses.  Results from the poll conducted April 6, 2010 are in curly brackets.  Results from the poll conducted March 9, 2010 are in square brackets.  Results from the poll conducted February 11, 2010 are in parentheses.